【原文】

司马牛问君子，子曰：〝君子不忧不惧。〞曰：〝不忧不惧，斯谓之君子已乎？〞子曰：〝内省不疚，夫何忧何惧？〞

【參考译文】

司马牛问怎样才算得上是君子，孔子说：〝君子不忧愁，不恐惧。〞

司马牛说：〝不忧愁，不恐惧，就可以叫做君子吗？〞孔子说：〝能做到问心无愧的人，还有什么忧愁，有什么恐惧呢？〞

【English Translation】

Sima Niu asked about being a gentleman. Confucius said: "A gentleman is without anxiety and fear. " Sima Niu asked: "If a person does not fear or worry, does that mean he is a gentleman? "

        Confucius said: "Can a man with a clear conscience ever have any worries andfears? "

        Notes: Sima Niu was informed that his brother, Sima Huan, was going to start aninsurrection which brought him much fear and worry. Confucius said these to him asan encouragement.

【原文】

子张问明。子曰。〝浸润之谮，肤受之朔，不行焉，可谓明也已矣。浸润之谮，肤受之朔，不行焉，可谓远也已矣。

【參考译文】

子张问怎样才算得上明智。孔子说：〝不信谗言，也不怕诽谤。处理事情明白而有远见，也就算明智了。〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zheng asked about being prudent. Confucius answered: "One who does not believe in gossip, and is not afraid of slander is one who is prudent. One who can analyse a situation properly and is far sighted may be counted as benevolent. "

【原文】

子张问崇德辨惑。子曰：〝主忠信，徙义，崇德也。爱之欲其生，恶之欲其死，既欲其生，又欲其死，是惑也。‘诚不以富，亦只以异’。〞

【參考译文】

子张询问怎样提高道德修养和辩别是非。孔子说：〝亲近忠信诚实的人，凡事从仁义出发，就能提高道德修养。对于一个人，喜爱时希望他长寿；厌恶时，希望他马上死去。既要他长寿，又要他短命，这就叫做不辩是非。〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zhang asked how to cultivate virtue and the ability to discern right from wrong. Confucius said: "Associate closely with the loyal and honest, and base everything on benevolence. That will help you cultivate your virtue. When we like a person, we wish him longevity. When we hate him, we wish that he dies immediately. To wish him longevity for a moment then to curse him to a short life the next moment is not being able to discern between right and wrong. "