【原文】

季康子问政于孔子曰：〝如杀无道，以就有道，何如？〞孔子对曰：〝子为政，焉用杀？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德风，小人之德草，草上之风，必偃。〞

【參考译文】

季康子向孔子询问政务时说：〝杀掉坏人，重用好人这种治理国家的方法，你认为怎么样？〞孔子说：〝治理政事，干吗使用杀戮的手段呢？

您想把国家搞好。老百姓也想把国家搞好。执政者好比风，老百姓好比草，草依风向而倒伏。〞

【English Translation】

When Ji Kang Zi was consulting Confucius about governing he asked: "To execute the trouble-makers so that it would be orderly, how does that sound? "

Confucius said: "When governing, why seek to kill? If you want goodness, the masses will be good.

The virtue of the noble leader is like the wind, and that of the common people is like grass. The grass must bend when the wind sweeps over. "

【原文】

子张问：〝士何如斯可谓之达矣？〞子曰：〝何哉，尔所谓达者？〞子张对曰：〝在邦必闻，在家必闻。〞子曰：〝是闻也，非达也。夫达也者，质直而好义，察言而

观色，虑以下人。在邦必达，在家必达。夫闻也者，色取仁而行违，居之不疑。在邦必闻，在家必闻。〞

【參考译文】

子张问：〝读书人怎样才能称通达呢？〞孔子反问：〝你所说的通达指的是什么？子张回答说：〝不管是在国家做官还是在大夫家做事都一定要有名望。〞孔子说：

〝这叫名望，不是通达。所谓通达是指品质正直，爱好礼仪，善于察言观色，对人谦虚有礼。这种人无论在国家作官成在大夫家做事都必定通达。你所说的有名望的人，是表面上讲仁德，行动上违背仁德，以此自居毫不疑惑，这种人管在国家作官还是在大夫家做事只不过是骗取名望而已〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zhang asked: "What should a scholar do to acquire understanding? "

Confucius asked: "What do you mean by understanding?"

Zi Zhang said: "It means to have a good reputation whether working as an official or in the house of senior officials. "

Confucius said: "But does being well-known necessarily mean having understanding?

The man with true understanding will be upright, have a liking for the rites, be adopt at interpreting words and actions, and is humble. Such a person will be known for his understanding whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. The man of understanding your referred to is only benevolent on the surface. His actions contradicts benevolence. He is a fraud, whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. "

【原文】

樊迟从游于舞雩之下，曰：〝敢问崇德，修慝、 辩惑。〞子曰：〝善哉问﹗先事后得，非崇德与？攻其恶，无政人之恶，非修慝与？一朝之忿，忘其身，以及其亲，非惑与？〞

【參考译文】

樊迟陪老师在祭天台下漫步，说：〝请问如何提高德行，消除怨恨和辩别是非。〞

孔子说：〝问得好啊﹗工作争先，享受在后，不就提高德行了吗？凡事多自我批评，少指责别人，不就可以消除怨恨了吗？因为一时忿怒，忘记了自身甚至自己的父母，这不就是糊涂吗？〞

【English Translation】

Fan Chi who was at an outing with Confucius near the Rain Altar, asked: "How do I cultivate character, reduce animosity towards me, and learn to discern between right and wrong? "

Confucius replied: "Good question! To be the first to work and the last to expect rewards. Would that not be cultivating virtue? To criticize one’s own failings and not to condemn other people’s failing. Is that not reducing animosity? If in a moment of anger, one puts oneself or even one’s parents in danger, isn’t that being foolish? "