【原文】

子张问：〝士何如斯可谓之达矣？〞子曰：〝何哉，尔所谓达者？〞子张对曰：〝在邦必闻，在家必闻。〞子曰：〝是闻也，非达也。夫达也者，质直而好义，察言而

观色，虑以下人。在邦必达，在家必达。夫闻也者，色取仁而行违，居之不疑。在邦必闻，在家必闻。〞

【參考译文】

子张问：〝读书人怎样才能称通达呢？〞孔子反问：〝你所说的通达指的是什么？子张回答说：〝不管是在国家做官还是在大夫家做事都一定要有名望。〞孔子说：

〝这叫名望，不是通达。所谓通达是指品质正直，爱好礼仪，善于察言观色，对人谦虚有礼。这种人无论在国家作官成在大夫家做事都必定通达。你所说的有名望的人，是表面上讲仁德，行动上违背仁德，以此自居毫不疑惑，这种人管在国家作官还是在大夫家做事只不过是骗取名望而已〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zhang asked: "What should a scholar do to acquire understanding? "

Confucius asked: "What do you mean by understanding?"

Zi Zhang said: "It means to have a good reputation whether working as an official or in the house of senior officials. "

Confucius said: "But does being well-known necessarily mean having understanding?

The man with true understanding will be upright, have a liking for the rites, be adopt at interpreting words and actions, and is humble. Such a person will be known for his understanding whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. The man of understanding your referred to is only benevolent on the surface. His actions contradicts benevolence. He is a fraud, whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. "