【原文】

司馬牛問君子，子曰：〝君子不憂不懼。〞曰：〝不憂不懼，斯謂之君子已乎？〞子曰：〝內省不疚，夫何憂何懼？〞

【參考譯文】

司馬牛問怎樣才算得上是君子，孔子說：〝君子不憂愁，不恐懼。〞

司馬牛說：〝不憂愁，不恐懼，就可以叫做君子嗎？〞孔子說：〝能做到問心無愧的人，還有什麼憂愁，有什麼恐懼呢？〞

【English Translation】

Sima Niu asked about being a gentleman. Confucius said: "A gentleman is without anxiety and fear. " Sima Niu asked: "If a person does not fear or worry, does that mean he is a gentleman? "

        Confucius said: "Can a man with a clear conscience ever have any worries andfears? "

        Notes: Sima Niu was informed that his brother, Sima Huan, was going to start aninsurrection which brought him much fear and worry. Confucius said these to him asan encouragement.

【原文】

子張問明。子曰。〝浸潤之譖，膚受之朔，不行焉，可謂明也已矣。浸潤之譖，膚受之朔，不行焉，可謂遠也已矣。

【參考譯文】

子張問怎樣才算得上明智。孔子說：〝不信讒言，也不怕誹謗。處理事情明白而有遠見，也就算明智了。〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zheng asked about being prudent. Confucius answered: "One who does not believe in gossip, and is not afraid of slander is one who is prudent. One who can analyse a situation properly and is far sighted may be counted as benevolent. "

【原文】

子張問崇德辨惑。子曰：〝主忠信，徙義，崇德也。愛之欲其生，惡之欲其死，既欲其生，又欲其死，是惑也。‘誠不以富，亦只以異’。〞

【參考譯文】

子張詢問怎樣提高道德修養和辯別是非。孔子說：〝親近忠信誠實的人，凡事從仁義出發，就能提高道德修養。對於一個人，喜愛時希望他長壽；厭惡時，希望他馬上死去。既要他長壽，又要他短命，這就叫做不辯是非。〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zhang asked how to cultivate virtue and the ability to discern right from wrong. Confucius said: "Associate closely with the loyal and honest, and base everything on benevolence. That will help you cultivate your virtue. When we like a person, we wish him longevity. When we hate him, we wish that he dies immediately. To wish him longevity for a moment then to curse him to a short life the next moment is not being able to discern between right and wrong. "