【原文】

季康子問政於孔子曰：〝如殺無道，以就有道，何如？〞孔子對曰：〝子為政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德風，小人之德草，草上之風，必偃。〞

【參考譯文】

季康子向孔子詢問政務時說：〝殺掉壞人，重用好人這種治理國家的方法，你認為怎麼樣？〞孔子說：〝治理政事，幹嗎使用殺戮的手段呢？

您想把國家搞好。老百姓也想把國家搞好。執政者好比風，老百姓好比草，草依風向而倒伏。〞

【English Translation】

When Ji Kang Zi was consulting Confucius about governing he asked: "To execute the trouble-makers so that it would be orderly, how does that sound? "

Confucius said: "When governing, why seek to kill? If you want goodness, the masses will be good.

The virtue of the noble leader is like the wind, and that of the common people is like grass. The grass must bend when the wind sweeps over. "

【原文】

子張問：〝士何如斯可謂之達矣？〞子曰：〝何哉，爾所謂達者？〞子張對曰：〝在邦必聞，在家必聞。〞子曰：〝是聞也，非達也。夫達也者，質直而好義，察言而

觀色，慮以下人。在邦必達，在家必達。夫聞也者，色取仁而行違，居之不疑。在邦必聞，在家必聞。〞

【參考譯文】

子張問：〝讀書人怎樣才能稱通達呢？〞孔子反問：〝你所說的通達指的是什麼？子張回答說：〝不管是在國家做官還是在大夫家做事都一定要有名望。〞孔子說：

〝這叫名望，不是通達。所謂通達是指品質正直，愛好禮儀，善於察言觀色，對人謙虛有禮。這種人無論在國家作官成在大夫家做事都必定通達。你所說的有名望的人，是表面上講仁德，行動上違背仁德，以此自居毫不疑惑，這種人管在國家作官還是在大夫家做事只不過是騙取名望而已〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zhang asked: "What should a scholar do to acquire understanding? "

Confucius asked: "What do you mean by understanding?"

Zi Zhang said: "It means to have a good reputation whether working as an official or in the house of senior officials. "

Confucius said: "But does being well-known necessarily mean having understanding?

The man with true understanding will be upright, have a liking for the rites, be adopt at interpreting words and actions, and is humble. Such a person will be known for his understanding whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. The man of understanding your referred to is only benevolent on the surface. His actions contradicts benevolence. He is a fraud, whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. "

【原文】

顏淵問仁，子曰：〝克已複禮為仁。一日克已複禮，天下歸仁焉。為仁由已，而由人乎哉？〞顏淵曰：〝請問其目。〞子曰：〝非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。〞顏淵曰：〝回雖不敏，請事斯語矣。〞

【參考譯文】

顏淵詢問什麼是仁，孔子說：〝約束自己的言行合於禮就是仁。有朝一日能做到克已複禮，天下就歸依仁了，成‘仁’要靠自已，難道要靠別人嗎？〞顏淵又問：〝請問具體的內容。〞孔子說：〝不合於禮的東西不看，不合於禮的話不聽，不合於禮的話不說，不合於禮的事不做。〞顏淵回答：〝我雖然遲鈍也要奉行您的教導。〞

【English Translation】

Fan Chi who was at an outing with Confucius near the Rain Altar, asked: "How do I cultivate character, reduce animosity towards me, and learn to discern between right and wrong? "

Confucius replied: "Good question! To be the first to work and the last to expect rewards. Would that not be cultivating virtue? To criticize one’s own failings and not to

condemn other people’s failing. Is that not reducing animosity? If in a moment of anger, one puts oneself or even one’s parents in danger, isn’t that being foolish? "