【原文】

子張問：〝士何如斯可謂之達矣？〞子曰：〝何哉，爾所謂達者？〞子張對曰：〝在邦必聞，在家必聞。〞子曰：〝是聞也，非達也。夫達也者，質直而好義，察言而

觀色，慮以下人。在邦必達，在家必達。夫聞也者，色取仁而行違，居之不疑。在邦必聞，在家必聞。〞

【參考譯文】

子張問：〝讀書人怎樣才能稱通達呢？〞孔子反問：〝你所說的通達指的是什麼？子張回答說：〝不管是在國家做官還是在大夫家做事都一定要有名望。〞孔子說：

〝這叫名望，不是通達。所謂通達是指品質正直，愛好禮儀，善於察言觀色，對人謙虛有禮。這種人無論在國家作官成在大夫家做事都必定通達。你所說的有名望的人，是表面上講仁德，行動上違背仁德，以此自居毫不疑惑，這種人管在國家作官還是在大夫家做事只不過是騙取名望而已〞

【English Translation】

Zi Zhang asked: "What should a scholar do to acquire understanding? "

Confucius asked: "What do you mean by understanding?"

Zi Zhang said: "It means to have a good reputation whether working as an official or in the house of senior officials. "

Confucius said: "But does being well-known necessarily mean having understanding?

The man with true understanding will be upright, have a liking for the rites, be adopt at interpreting words and actions, and is humble. Such a person will be known for his understanding whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. The man of understanding your referred to is only benevolent on the surface. His actions contradicts benevolence. He is a fraud, whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. "