【原文】
子張問:〝士何如斯可謂之達矣?〞子曰:〝何哉,爾所謂達者?〞子張對曰:〝在邦必聞,在家必聞。〞子曰:〝是聞也,非達也。夫達也者,質直而好義,察言而
觀色,慮以下人。在邦必達,在家必達。夫聞也者,色取仁而行違,居之不疑。在邦必聞,在家必聞。〞
【參考譯文】
子張問:〝讀書人怎樣才能稱通達呢?〞孔子反問:〝你所說的通達指的是什麼?子張回答說:〝不管是在國家做官還是在大夫家做事都一定要有名望。〞孔子說:
〝這叫名望,不是通達。所謂通達是指品質正直,愛好禮儀,善於察言觀色,對人謙虛有禮。這種人無論在國家作官成在大夫家做事都必定通達。你所說的有名望的人,是表面上講仁德,行動上違背仁德,以此自居毫不疑惑,這種人管在國家作官還是在大夫家做事只不過是騙取名望而已〞
【English Translation】
Zi Zhang asked: "What should a scholar do to acquire understanding? "
Confucius asked: "What do you mean by understanding?"
Zi Zhang said: "It means to have a good reputation whether working as an official or in the house of senior officials. "
Confucius said: "But does being well-known necessarily mean having understanding?
The man with true understanding will be upright, have a liking for the rites, be adopt at interpreting words and actions, and is humble. Such a person will be known for his understanding whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. The man of understanding your referred to is only benevolent on the surface. His actions contradicts benevolence. He is a fraud, whether working as an official or in the house of a senior official. "